![]() It is now believed that the true Cantharellus cibarius only exists in Europe. They were formerly all considered Cantharellus cibarius, but recent DNA have elucidated over a dozen species in the United States that are all morphologically similar and have been masquerading as a single species. Yellows: Of the yellow chanterelles, there are at least 3 common species that occur in Michigan. Morphology: Desirable, edible Cantharellus mushrooms in Michigan can be categorized into two general morphological groups: yellows (golden chanterelles) and reds (cinnabar chanterelles). The taxonomy of Cantharellus in the United States is currently in a state of rapid flux, as researchers have described several new species (including from the Midwest) and are currently investigating species from Michigan. There are several Cantharellus species that occur in Michigan, all of which are edible. Chanterelles are terrestrial species that grow from the ground and typically appear either singly or in small clusters in the woods near trees. Instead, they have pseudo-gills, which look similar to gills, only they are blunt/rounded at the gill edge rather than sharp as in true gills, and microscopically the hyphal tissue arrangement is different. ![]() Unlike most mushroom species, they have neither gills nor pores on the underside of their caps. The similarly poisonous mushroom Tsukiyotake ( Omphalotus japonicus, formerly known as Lampteromyces japonicus, found in Japan and eastern Asia, is also bioluminescent and contains the same poison, illudin.Common name: Chanterelle, apricot chanterelle, golden chanterelle, cinnabar red chanterelle.Äescription and identifying characteristics: Chanterelles are medium-sized mushrooms with species that exhibit yellow, orange, and red pigmentation. Omphalotus illudens of eastern North America, and the Western jack-o'-lantern mushroom Omphalotus olivascens common in southern to central California, are both poisonous. Furthermore, if the jack-o'-lantern's stem is peeled, the inside is orange, while the chanterelle is paler inside the stem. Unlike chanterelles, jack-o'-lantern mushrooms have true, sharp, non-forking gills this is possibly the simplest trait for distinguishing between the two. This is due to an enzyme called luciferase, acting upon a compound called luciferin, leading to the emission of light much as fireflies do when glowing. The whole mushroom does not glow-only the gills do so. Its bioluminescence, a blue-green color, can be observed in fresh specimens in low light conditions once the eye becomes dark-adapted. While not lethal, consuming this mushroom leads to very severe cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea. Unlike chanterelles, Omphalotus olearius and other Omphalotus species contain the toxin illudin S, and are poisonous to humans. A similar, but phylogenetically distinct species found in eastern North America is Omphalotus illudens. It has also been reported from the Western Cape Province, South Africa. It is found in woodland areas in Europe, where it grows on decaying stumps, on buried roots or at the base of hardwood trees. It is notable for its bioluminescent properties. Omphalotus olearius, commonly known as the jack-o'-lantern mushroom, is a poisonous orange gilled mushroom that to an untrained eye appears similar to some chanterelles. (Lincoff 1981 Arora 1986 Kirchmair et al. This muscarine-containing poisonous mushroom with conspicuously decurrent gills (i.e., gills descending stalk) is widespread and locally common in eastern North America, growing in dense clusters on tree stumps and buried roots of oak and other hardwoods. The Jack O'Lantern mushroom's name is derived from the its orange color and the fact that the gills often glow eerily greenish (clearly visible under very dark conditions). subilludens occurs in the southeastern United States Ammirati et al. The widespread eastern North American species is O. Omphalotus illudens, which is also present in Europe, is one of four Omphalotus species that have been described from North and Central America. olearius, but these are now generally recognized as distinct species. The North American Jack O'Lantern mushroom ( Omphalotus illudens) has sometimes been treated as conspecific with (i.e., belonging to the same species as) the European O.
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